Taxes, Tariffs & Trade

Tariff resources

NAFEM informs and represents its members on the complex issues of U.S. taxes, tariffs, and trade, advocating for open and fair policies and rules that maximize market opportunities and cost-effective supply chain sourcing.

While NAFEM regularly updates this resource page, we strongly recommend consulting your customs broker for real-time information specific to your products.

Updated April 28, 2026

IEEPA tariff refunds claim portal now open

Following a Supreme Court ruling, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is now processing refund requests for duties imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA).

Refunds, including interest, are processed through the Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (CAPE) system within the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE), the import and export processing system.

CAPE consolidates refunds rather than processing them entry-by-entry. CBP plans to roll this out in phases; users are encouraged to check the webpage frequently for updates.

All refunds are issued electronically via ACH.

Visit these links for a program overview and FAQs.

This process does not apply to Section 232 or 301 tariffs.

10% global import surcharge

A temporary 10% surcharge on global imports is in effect until July 24. This was enacted by the Administration after the Supreme Court 6-3 decision that the IEEPA does not authorize reciprocal tariffs. (Exceptions apply for specific economic needs, as noted in the White House announcement, Annex I and II.)

The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has launched several investigations that may impact future duties:

A Section 301 investigation into excess industrial capacity and government backing in 16 major trading partners, including China, the EU, Mexico and Japan.
60 investigations into forced labor practices that artificially lower prices.

Changes to Section 232 metal tariffs

Effective April 6, revised tariffs are in place (see fact sheet) for aluminum, steel and copper imports. These changes are included in the table below.

Section 301 tariffs upheld by Federal Circuit Court

The Federal Circuit Court has upheld the expansion of Section 301 tariffs on Chinese goods. The SCOTUS declined to hear the appeal, and the current structure remains settled law.

NAFEM will continue to update this Taxes, Tariffs and Trade webpage frequently with the latest information.

Tariff Actions	Countries	Duty Rate	Commodities/Imports
Section 232	All countries except EU, Japan, South Korea and UK where trade agreements exist, plus Russia	– 50% on articles made entirely or almost entirely of steel, aluminum or copper pay a flat 50% on the full value. – 25% on derivative articles that are at least 15% steel, aluminum or copper – 15% on certain metal-intensive industrial equipment and electrical grid equipment through 2027 – 10% on products made abroad but entirely with American steel, aluminum, and copper – 0% on products made of 15% or less steel, aluminum, or copper
	EU	Per the U.S. – EU Framework	Speak with suppliers and customs brokers for specifics
	Japan	Per the United States – Japan Agreement (see below)	Speak with suppliers and customs brokers for specifics
	South Korea	Per the U.S. – Korea Strategic Trade and Investment Deal (see below)	Speak with suppliers and customs brokers for specifics
	Russia	200%	For aluminum imports
	U.K.	Per the U.S.- U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal	Speak with suppliers and customs brokers for specifics
	Upholstered wood furniture from all countries	Effective Oct. 14, 2025 – 10% U.K. – 15% EU – 15% Japan – 25% all other countries Presidential Proclamation	Planned 30% increase delayed to Jan. 1, 2027
	Semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and derivative products	25% – effective Jan. 15, 2026 Presidential Proclamation	Tariffs do not apply when the chips are imported to support the buildout of the United States technology supply chain during ongoing trade negotiations with foreign jurisdictions that have the potential to strengthen the U.S. semiconductor industry.
De Minimis	No longer apply for any countries – effective Aug. 29, 2025 and reconfirmed Feb. 20, 2025
Section 301 tariffs on imports from China	Every product subject to the Section 301 actions is identified by an 8-digit or 10-digit HTS Subheading. The U.S. Trade Representative website provides a search engine for more information.
Temporary surcharge on global imports Presidential Proclamation, including Anex I and II	All items imported into the U.S. except those listed in Annex I and II	10% from Feb. 24 – July 24	Does not apply in addition to Section 232 tariffs. Also exempts Annex I and II product categories including: – Certain critical minerals – Energy and energy products – Metals used in currency and bullion – Pharmaceuticals – Certain electronics – Others as listed

Canada’s Response

The Government of Canada maintains a list of U.S. products subject to counter tariffs.

U.S. China Trade and Economic Deal

White House Fact Sheet

U.S. – EU Framework

White House Fact Sheet
Joint Statement
Key provisions of the Agreement are provided by the Coalition of American Metal Manufacturers and Users (CAMMU).

The United States – Japan Agreement

White House Announcement
White House Fact Sheet
Joint statement of Japan and the U.S.

U.S. – Korea Strategic Trade and Investment Deal

White House Announcement
White House Fact Sheet

The U.S. – U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal

The May 8, 2025 Agreement addresses steel and aluminum tariffs and numerous other trade-related topics.

Additional U.S. Investigations

The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) is investigating revoking permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) treatment for all Chinese imports. The review will assess how higher tariffs would affect U.S. trade flows, domestic production and prices in the most directly impacted industries. The ITC also is evaluating an alternative approach that would revoke PNTR only for a defined set of national security-related products from China, with tariffs phased in over five years. Comments are due April 13.
The U.S. Secretary of Commerce initiated a Section 232 investigation under the Trade Expansion Act to assess whether imports of robotics and industrial machinery, and parts/components, pose a risk to national security. The scope of the investigation includes CNC machining centers, turning and milling machines, grinding and deburring equipment, and industrial stamping and pressing machines. It also includes automatic tool changers, jigs and fixtures, and machine tools for cutting, welding and handling work pieces. Application-specific specialty metalworking equipment used to treat, form or cut metal, such as autoclaves and industrial ovens, metal finishing and treatment equipment, EDM machinery, and laser and water-cutting tools and machinery also is included. Comments were due Oct. 17, 2025.
Following a Section 301 investigation of China’s targeting dominance in the maritime, logistics and shipbuilding sectors, the U.S. Trade Representative proposed significant service fees on China-bult vessels upon entrance to U.S. ports. Following negotiations with China, these fees were suspended for one year until Nov. 10, 2026. NAFEM, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and 100+ others advocated against the proposal that would increase shipping costs, raise prices and decrease exports and imports.
The administration also launched a Section 232 investigation into Brazil’s trade policies. Comments were due August 18, 2025 and the U.S. Trade Representative held a hearing Sept. 3, 2025.

Global Market Access and Conformity Guide

NAFEM’s regularly updated resource to assist in the identification of international certifications, the Global Market Access and Conformity Guide provides certification contact information for fuel type, region and other data points to reduce research time. While this tool is updated periodically, we encourage companies to take all steps necessary to confirm and verify information for your specific products and market needs.

Additional Resources

Questions?

Contact advocacy@nafem.org