Taxes, Tariffs & Trade

Updated December 6, 2025

NAFEM informs and represents its members on the complex issues of U.S. taxes, tariffs, and trade, advocating for open and fair policies and rules that maximize market opportunities and cost-effective supply chain sourcing.

Tariff resources

While NAFEM regularly updates this resource page, we recommend regular communication with your customs broker for up-to-the-minute tariff information relative to your business and its products.

Understanding New U.S. Tariff Landscape

IEEPA ruling pending; tips for planning ahead

While we wait for the Supreme Court’s ruling on the legality of the IEEPA tariffs, NAFEM’s legal team at Barnes & Thornburg suggest members begin to prepare for potential tariff refunds, even though it’s uncertain what the process might entail. Detailed information is on Barnes &Thornburg’s website.

Section 301 tariffs upheld by Federal Circuit Court

In a unanimous opinion, the three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that the first Trump administration was within its rights to expand the initial Section 301 tariffs on Chinese goods from $50 billion to $300 billion. The case was appealed to the SCOTUS, which elected not to hear the case.

Tariff Actions	Countries	Duty Rate	Commodities/Imports
IEEPA-Fentanyl The portion of products with inputs of U.S. origin are exempt from additional duties. The non-U.S. content is subject to tariffs. CBP FAQ	Canada	35% – effective Aug. 7 White House Fact Sheet	On non-USMCA-compliant imports
	Canada	10%	On potash
	Mexico	25% – 90-day negotiating period ends Oct. 30, deadline extended for further conversations	On non-USMCA-compliant imports
	Mexico	10%	On energy and potash
	China	10% White House Fact Sheet	Effective Nov. 10 for one year on essentially all commodities
Section 232	All countries, including Canada and Mexico, except Russia and the U.K. as detailed below	50% – effective June 4 Federal Register notice 407 add’l derivative product codes added Aug. 19 at the 50% rate Federal Register notice	For certain steel and aluminum articles, including derivative articles
	Russia	200%	For aluminum imports
	U.K.	25% – effective June 3	For certain steel and aluminum articles, including derivative articles (per the U.S.-U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal reached May 8)
	Semi-finished copper products from all countries	50% – effective Aug 1 White House Fact Sheet Details from the Coalition of American Metal Manufacturers and Users	Effective Aug. 1 and includes pipes, wires, rods, sheets, tubes and copper-intensive derivatives (fittings, cables, connectors, electrical components). Applies only to the copper content.
	Upholstered wood furniture	10% – U.K. 15% – EU 15% – Japan 25% – all other countries Presidential action	Effective Oct. 14
De Minimis	No longer apply for any countries – effective Aug. 29
Reciprocal tariffs	All countries except those listed above and EU and Annex 1 countries listed below	10%	On essentially all commodities except certain steel and aluminum articles (including derivatives) and semi-finished copper products subject to 50% Section 232 tariffs. Also exempts Annex II product categories including: – Energy products – Chemicals, critical minerals, raw materials – Pharmaceuticals and semiconductors products -Certain lumber articles and electronics
EU reciprocal tariffs White House Announcement	Austria	The higher of 15% or the U.S. Most Favored Nation tariff rate – effective Sept. 1	On essentially all EU-origin imports except certain steel and aluminum articles (including derivatives) and semi-finished copper products subject to 50% Section 232 tariffs. The U.S. also will work to ensure that the tariff rate on pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and lumber doesn’t exceed 15%.
	Belgium
	Bulgaria
	Croatia
	Cyprus
	Czech Republic
	Denmark
	Estonia
	Finland
	France
	Germany
	Greece
	Hungary
	Ireland
	Italy
	Latvia
	Lithuania
	Luxembourg
	Malta
	Netherlands
	Poland
	Portugal
	Romania
	Slovakia
	Slovenia
	Spain
	Sweden
Annex I reciprocal tariffs Executive Order	Afghanistan	15% – effective Aug. 7	On essentially all imports except certain steel and aluminum articles (including derivatives) and semi-finished copper products subject to 50% Section 232 tariffs. Also exempts Annex II product categories including: – Energy products – Chemicals, critical minerals, raw materials – Pharmaceuticals and semiconductors products – Certain lumber articles and electronics
	Algeria	30% – effective Aug. 7
	Angola	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Bangladesh	20% – effective Aug. 7
	Bolivia	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	30% – effective Aug. 7
	Botswana	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Brazil	50% – effective Aug. White House Fact Sheet
	Brunei	25% – effective Aug. 7
	Cambodia	19% – effective Aug. 7
	Cameroon	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Chad	15% – effective Aug. 7
	China	10% in addition to the 10% IEEPA-Fentanyl tariff in place from Nov. 10, 2025 – Nov. 10, 2026
	Costa Rica	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Côte d`Ivoire	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Democratic Republic of the Congo	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Ecuador	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Equatorial Guinea	15% – effective Aug. 7
	European Union	15% – effective Aug. 7 White House Fact Sheet
	Falkland Islands	10% – effective Aug. 7
	Fiji	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Ghana	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Guyana	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Iceland	15% – effective Aug. 7
	India	25% – effective Aug. 7
	Indonesia	19% – August 7 White House Fact Sheet
	Iraq	30% – effective Aug. 7
	Iraq	35% – effective Aug. 7
	Israel	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Japan	15% – effective Aug. 7 White House Fact Sheet
	Jordan	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Kazakhstan	25% – effective Aug. 7
	Laos	40% – effective Aug. 7
	Lesotho	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Libya	30% – effective Aug. 7
	Liechtenstein	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Madagascar	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Malawi	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Malaysia	19% – effective Aug. 7
	Mauritius	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Moldova	25% – effective Aug. 7
	Mozambique	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Myanmar	40% – effective Aug. 7
	Namibia	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Nauru	15% – effective Aug. 7
	New Zealand	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Nicaragua	18% – effective Aug. 7
	Nigeria	15% – effective Aug. 7
	North Macedonia	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Norway	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Pakistan	19% – effective Aug. 7
	Papua New Guinea	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Philippines	19% – effective Aug. 7
	Serbia	35% – effective Aug. 7
	South Africa	30% – effective Aug. 7
	South Korea	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Sri Lanka	20% – effective Aug. 7
	Switzerland	39% – effective Aug. 7
	Syria	41% – effective Aug. 7
	Taiwan	20% – effective Aug. 7
	Thailand	19% – effective Aug. 7
	Tunisia	25% – effective Aug. 7
	Turkey	15% – effective Aug. 7
	Uganda	15% – effective Aug. 7
U.K.	10% – per the U.S.-U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal reached May 8	On essentially all imports except certain steel and aluminum articles (including derivatives) subject to 25% Section 232 tariffs. Also exempts Annex II product categories listed above.
Vanuatu	15% – effective Aug. 7	Essentially all imports except certain steel and aluminum articles (including derivatives) subject to 50% Section 232 tariffs. Also exempts Annex II product categories listed above.
Venezuela	15% – effective Aug. 7
Vietnam	20% – effective Aug. 7
	Zambia		15% – effective Aug. 7
	Zimbabwe		15% – effective Aug. 7

Canada’s Response

The Government of Canada maintains a list of U.S. products subject to counter tariffs.

China Trade and Economic Deal

White House Fact Sheet

U.S. – EU Trade Agreement

EU announcement re: the U.S.-EU Framework Deal
Key provisions of the Agreement are provided by the Coalition of American Metal Manufacturers and Users (CAMMU).

The U.S. – U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal

The May 8^th Agreement addresses steel and aluminum tariffs and numerous other trade-related topics.

Additional U.S. Investigations

The U.S. Department of Commerce opened a brief three-week comment period (April 16 – May 7) on its Section 232 investigation of the security risks of imports of semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and their derivative products. The investigation also covers semiconductor substrates and bare wafers, legacy chips, leading-edge chips, microelectronics and manufacturing equipment components. The final report is due to President Trump Dec. 27, although the administration has stated its intent to move at a faster pace.
President Trump initiated a Section 232 investigation to assess U.S. national security risks arising from the country’s increasing dependence on imported smelted and refined copper. Findings were due Nov. 22. 
A similar Section 232 investigation is underway for imports of timber, lumber and their derivative products. Findings were due Nov. 26. 
The U.S. Secretary of Commerce initiated a Section 232 investigation under the Trade Expansion Act to assess whether imports of robotics and industrial machinery, and parts/components, pose a risk to national security. The scope of the investigation includes CNC machining centers, turning and milling machines, grinding and deburring equipment, and industrial stamping and pressing machines. It also includes automatic tool changers, jigs and fixtures, and machine tools for cutting, welding and handling work pieces. Application-specific specialty metalworking equipment used to treat, form or cut metal, such as autoclaves and industrial ovens, metal finishing and treatment equipment, EDM machinery, and laser and water-cutting tools and machinery also is included. Comments were due Oct. 17.
The administration also launched a Section 232 investigation into Brazil’s trade policies. Comments were due August 18 and the U.S. Trade Representative held a hearing Sept. 3.
Based on USTR’s Section 301 investigation on China’s Maritime, Logistics and Shipbuilding Sector dominance that was initiated March 2024, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is implementing new fees for vessels owned, operated or built in China, and for all foreign-built vehicle carrier vessels, effective Oct. 14, 2025. In its guidance, CBP notes that, “The burden for determining if a vessel owes the fee is on the operator, NOT CBP.” NAFEM, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and 100+ others advocated against the proposal that would increase shipping costs, raise prices and decrease exports and imports.

Global Market Access and Conformity Guide

NAFEM’s regularly updated resource to assist in the identification of international certifications, the Global Market Access and Conformity Guide provides certification contact information for fuel type, region and other data points to reduce research time. While this tool is updated periodically, we encourage companies to take all steps necessary to confirm and verify information for your specific products and market needs.

Additional Resources

Questions?

Contact advocacy@nafem.org